Atypical ocular toxoplasmosis
a Diagnostic Challenge?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v18.n3.432Keywords:
ocular toxoplasmosis, atypical ocular toxoplasmosis, uveitis, papillitis, acute retinal necrosisAbstract
Objective. To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with atypical ocular toxoplasmosis evaluated at the Uveitis Section of the Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Rodolfo Rossi (HIGA Rossi).
Methods. A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing medical records of patients diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis between June 2023 and June 2025. Atypical cases were defined as those presenting with pseudomultiple retinochoroiditis, extensive retinitis, isolated papillitis, acute retinal necrosis, or associated immunosuppression. Clinical, serological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed descriptively.
Results. A total of 23 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were included; 6 of them (26.1%) presented atypical forms. The most common presenting symptom was decreased visual acuity. All patients had positive IgG, while only 7 had positive IgM. Treatment included antiparasitic therapy and systemic corticosteroids in selected cases. Observed complications included cataract, glaucoma, epiretinal membrane, and retinal detachment.
Conclusion. In this series, atypical ocular toxoplasmosis proved to be uncommon yet clinically relevant, owing to its diagnostic challenges and the nature of its associated complications. Its recognition requires high clinical suspicion, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Treatment should be individualized with close monitoring.
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