Alteraciones en la exploración de fondo de ojo y su asociación con factores de riesgo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en primer nivel de atención

Emmanuel Alejandro Avila-Carrasco; Yazmin Jocelyn Julian-Hernández; Adan Masiel Gutiérrez-Soto

doi:10.70313/2718.7446.v18.n4.454

Authors

Emmanuel Alejandro Avila-Carrasco Mexican Social Security Institute https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9386-1879
Yazmin Jocelyn Julian-Hernández Mexican Social Security Institute
Adan Masiel Gutiérrez-Soto Mexican Social Security Institute

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v18.n4.454

Keywords:

diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, type 2, primary health care, risk factors, fundus oculi, early diagnosis

Abstract

Purpose: To associate eye fundus exploration findings that represent suspicion of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and documented risk factors, in patients diagnosed with type-2 diabetes in first-level healthcare

Methods: A transversal, observational, descriptive study. Type-2 diabetes patients attending a diabetes care praxis (CADIMSS) belonging to Unidad de Medicina Familiar N. 250, which is part of West Mexico State Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, who fulfilled selection criteria were included. An ophthalmologic test using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy was made to detect retinal findings, and available risk factors were registered from the patients’ clinical record. A descriptive analysis was made using frequencies, percentages, median and interquartile range according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, an inferential analysis was also made using chi square and U-Mann-Whitney.

Results: 232 patients were analysed; 49 (21.1%) presented findings compatible with DR. There was no significant association with sex, dyslipidaemia, hypertension or comorbilities. Age (p = 0.011) and IMC (p = 0.005) showed a significant relation. There weren´t relevant differences in either HbA1c (p = 0.236) or capillary fasting glycaemia (p = 0.425). Diabetes duration was the strongest associated factor with DR (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The most important predictor factor of DR is diabetes duration, emphasizing the importance of an opportune, early ophthalmologic vigilance. Longitudinal studies, with a bigger group size and using additional microvascular markers are needed for further deeper and stronger findings.

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Author Biographies

Emmanuel Alejandro Avila-Carrasco, Mexican Social Security Institute

Servicio Social Unidad de Medicina Familiar No 250 “La Magdalena”; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del Estado de México Poniente, México. Toluca, Estado de México Poniente, México.
Yazmin Jocelyn Julian-Hernández, Mexican Social Security Institute

Servicio Social Unidad de Medicina Familiar No 250 “La Magdalena”; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del Estado de México Poniente, México. Toluca, Estado de México Poniente, México.
Adan Masiel Gutiérrez-Soto , Mexican Social Security Institute

Servicio Social Unidad de Medicina Familiar No 250 “La Magdalena”; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del Estado de México Poniente, México. Toluca, Estado de México Poniente, México.

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