Consenso sobre el manejo de la miopía en la edad de progresión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v15.n2.142Palabras clave:
miopía, prevención, tratamiento, atropina, medio ambienteResumen
Objetivo: Desarrollar un consenso sobre el manejo de la miopía en la edad de progresión.
Materiales y métodos: El Grupo de Estudio de Miopía de la Sociedad Argentina de Oftalmología Infantil evaluó la evidencia científica disponible en agosto y septiembre de 2021 para elaborar una serie de preguntas sobre el diagnóstico, el seguimiento, la prevención y el tratamiento de la miopía en edad de progresión. En octubre de 2021 se enviaron las preguntas en formato electrónico a 40 expertos de la Argentina y posteriormente se analizaron las respuestas de forma enmascarada, considerando que hubo consenso para cada pregunta cuando el 80% de los encuestados estuvieran de acuerdo.
Resultados: Se obtuvo consenso sobre la inclusión en la historia clínica de los antecedentes conductuales y ambientales relacionados con las tareas en visión cercana y exposición al aire libre, regulando las primeras y fomentando estas últimas. También se obtuvo consenso sobre la importancia de los estudios complementarios en casos de debut miópico temprano, miopía alta al diagnóstico, progresión acelerada, signos de atrofia en fondo de ojo y astigmatismos altos. También hubo consenso sobre realizar un seguimiento mínimo de 2 visitas anuales y de utilizar tratamiento farmacológico con atropina al 0,01% (o 0,05% para casos refractarios o miopías elevadas), que debería suspenderse gradualmente y no antes de los 18 años de edad.
Conclusión: Producto de las evidencias científicas analizadas por un comité de expertos, se desarrolló un consenso del manejo de la miopía en edad de progresión, con énfasis en que existen múltiples herramientas en la actualidad para establecer el diagnóstico, optimizar el seguimiento, realizar tratamiento y tomar medidas preventivas, además de la prescripción de anteojos.
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